Rename the SharePoint 2010 server using STSADM
stsadm.exe -o renameserver -oldservername
Rename the Windows Server 2008 R2
Computer->Properties->Change Settings->Change-> Provide the new Server name and restart the machine
Update Farm credentials using STSADM
stsadm.exe -o updatefarmcredentials -identitytype configurableid -userlogin
Update AAM settings for Central Administration
- Open central administration, select Application Management in the left pane
- Select configure Alternate access mappings under Web applications setting
- Filter the view by "Central Administration" and modify the internal Url to reflect the new Server Name.
Do an IISRESET and good to go.